Eco-Illusions in the East: The Reality of China’s Eco-City Dreams in Iskandar Malesia and Forest City

Abstract

This article examines the development of “Forest City” in Iskandar Malaysia within the broader context of China’s international expansion, focusing on Forest City’s portrayal as model of sustainability. Despite being promoted as “eco-cities” and “green cities”, these mega-projects often fall short of such ideals, revealing a significant gap between their marketed image and their actual environmental practices. This study aims to understand why this happens. The analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of how geopolitical and
economic agendas shape urban development projects and influence their sustainability claims. It investigates the mechanisms through which these agendas are realized, often at the cost of genuine sustainable practices. By examining the case of Forest City, the article sheds light on the complex interplay between international relations and urban planning, highlighting the role of national interests in shaping development policies that are outwardly presented as environmentally friendly, but are in fact internally compromised.