Impatto emotivo dell’alopecia indotta da chemioterapia: studio qualitativo fenomenologico in pazienti oncologici adulti.
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Abstract
Introduzione
l’alopecia da chemioterapia (CIA) ha un impatto emotivo negativo sugli assistiti in quanto vissuta come compromissione della propria immagine corporea e segno evidente della malattia in atto.
Obiettivo
comprendere il vissuto e le emozioni provate da persone in follow-up oncologico che hanno sofferto di alopecia indotta da chemioterapia.
Materiali e metodi
studio qualitativo fenomenologico condotto attraverso interviste semi-strutturate su un campione di convenienza di pazienti adulti oncologici tra giugno e dicembre 2022. Analisi effettuata attraverso il metodo Colaizzi da due esperti.
Risultati
sono state effettuate 12 interviste da cui sono emerse 4 tematiche principali: (I) emozioni vissute dagli assistiti dopo la perdita dei capelli, cioè come gli assistiti hanno vissuto l’esperienza relativa alla perdita dei capelli. (II) Alterazione della percezione del proprio aspetto fisico; la percezione di sé e le annesse reazioni emotive. (III) Relazione con gli altri ossia i cambiamenti del rapporto con gli altri. (IV) Infine, le persone più vicine durante i cambiamenti dell’identità personale e dell’immagine corporea dove si evidenzia il supporto educativo ed emotivo multidisciplinare.
Discussione e Conclusioni
i risultati sono in linea con la letteratura scientifica ed evidenziano un disagio dovuto alla CIA associato negativamente all’immagine corporea ed al benessere psico-sociale. Gli operatori sanitari devono acquisire consapevolezza dell’entità del disagio per interventi educativi mirati a sviluppare strategie di coping efficaci.
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