Sei Shōnagon‘s Makura no sōshi: A guide for women’s sociality in 11th century Japan

Abstract

This study examines the possibility of interpreting Makura no sōshi (“The Pillow Book,” 11th century) as a guide for the education of aristocratic women, equipping them to navigate the female communities of 11^th century Japan, characterized by jealousy and rivalry. Through a close reading of this work, now recognized as a masterpiece of world literature, I will explore topics related to sociality in the Heian period— such as courtship, education, beauty routines, and etiquette— offering insight into the lives of middle - and high-ranking women at the imperial court. Sei Shōnagon’s work also provides an opportunity to delve into the fascinating aesthetics of aristocratic society during the Heian period (794-1185), focusing on the concept of an ‘oblique vision’ which shaped poetic expression, architecture, and even the relationship between men and women.