Alcune considerazioni in merito ai cataloghi arbitrali ateniesi
Abstract
Il contributo riguarda l’istituto prettamente ateniese della diatesia pubblica, ov-vero l’arbitrato pubblico quale strumento di composizione stragiudiziale della lite. Tale prassi, ben attestata nelle orazioni giudiziarie, è documentata anche da un corpus di cataloghi arbitrali databili prevalentemente nella seconda metà del IV secolo. L’attenzione si focalizza qui sugli aspetti sociali del fenomeno, finora scarsamente indagati dagli studiosi. In questa prospettiva il medium epigrafico offre un osservatorio privilegiato. Attraverso l’indagine prosopografica sistematica, infatti, è stato possibile indagare il profilo sociale dei diaitetai pubblici. Ne risulta uno spaccato eterogeneo della società ateniese. In particolare, la consistente presenza di arbitri non altrimenti noti accanto a colleghi certamente appartenenti agli strati più elevati della società induce a ritenere che l’incarico fosse effettivamente esercitato dalla globalità del corpo civico atenie-se.
The paper concerns the eminently Athenian institution of the public diatesia, that is the public arbitration as a tool for out-of-court settlement of the litigation. This practice, well attested in judicial orations, is also documented by a corpus of arbitrators catalogs mainly dating to the second half of the fourth century B.C. Attention is focused here on the social aspects of the phenomenon, by far scarcely investigated by the scholars. From this perspective, the epigraphic medium provides a vantage point for observation. In fact, through a systematic prosopographic survey, it was possible to investigate the social pro-file of the public diaitetai. The result is a heterogeneous cross-section of the Athenian society. In particular, the consistent presence of arbitrators not other-wise known alongside colleagues certainly belonging to the higher levels of the Athenian society suggests that the task was effectively exercised by the totality of the Athenian civic body.
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