Matrix-Based Approach for Sustainability-Oriented Blockchain Application Strategy Development: Fashion and Textile Industry Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13135/2704-9906/12828Keywords:
Blockchain, Circular economy, Sustainability, Fashion industryAbstract
The fashion and textile industry faces increasing pressure to address environmental impacts, resource inefficiencies, and regulatory requirements while maintaining global supply chain competitiveness. Blockchain technology is frequently discussed as a potential enabler of transparency, traceability, and decentralised coordination across fashion supply networks. However, existing research predominantly classifies blockchain applications according to technological architectures or functional features, providing limited insight into how specific blockchain-enabled capabilities contribute to distinct sustainability objectives within the sector. To address this limitation, the study conducts a systematic literature review synthesising interdisciplinary research on blockchain applications in the fashion and textile industry. The review followed a structured three-stage procedure consisting of paper selection, monitoring and control, and structured coding and analytical synthesis. Inductive open and axial coding were applied to identify recurring sustainability themes and blockchain-enabled mechanisms across 63 peer-reviewed studies. The analysis identifies three sustainability-oriented development directions — recycling and circular economy, environmental and economic sustainability, and policy compliance and regulatory support — together with five categories of blockchain-enabled capabilities. These dimensions are synthesised into a blockchain capability-sustainability outcome matrix that systematically links blockchain-enabled capabilities with distinct sustainability transformation pathways. The findings indicate that blockchain applications are predominantly concentrated around traceability, transparency, and governance capabilities, whereas waste-management applications remain comparatively underrepresented, suggesting that current blockchain adoption is more strongly oriented towards sustainability governance than operational circularity. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates that individual blockchain capabilities may contribute to multiple sustainability pathways, while their strategic relevance depends on the sustainability context in which they are deployed, highlighting the context-dependent nature of blockchain capability-outcome relationships. The study contributes primarily to blockchain-for-sustainability and digital sustainability scholarship by introducing a sustainability-oriented capability-outcome architecture that shifts analytical attention from technology-centred blockchain classifications towards the strategic alignment of blockchain-enabled capabilities with sustainability transformation pathways.
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