Guardare i sex robots attraverso le lenti femministe

Autori

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13135/2704-8195/5076

Parole chiave:

sex robots, genere, tecnologia, femminismo

Abstract

Since the 1970s, feminisms have stressed the intersection between gender and technology. Yet, while being mainly focused on the female access to technology, reproductive technologies and a cyborg future, no feminist narrative has ever addressed the ongoing robotic revolution and its relating challenges to the notion of gender, as in the case of sex robots. Shaped as humans and endowed with basic AI capabilities, sex robots are machines programmed to provide sexual performances; their stereotypical shape and behaviour, though, raise questions on their potential to perpetuate gender inequality. Therefore, this paper seeks to assess female sex robots through feminist lens and to repurpose them as a feminist technology.

Downloads

I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.

Biografia autore

Carlotta Rigotti, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Fundamental Rights Research Centre

Carlotta Rigotti si laurea in giurisprudenza (110/110 e lode) presso l’Università di Torino con una tesi su prostituzione e diritti fondamentali. Dopo aver concluso la pratica forense, Carlotta collabora con il Fundamental Rights Research Centre (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) sul progetto DESIrE, in materia di sfruttamento sessuale. Diventa successivamente dottoranda presso lo stesso centro, concentrandosi sulla potenziale criminalizzazione dell’abuso di sex robots femminili.

Riferimenti bibliografici

M. Balistreri, Sex robot. L’amore al tempo delle macchine, Roma, Fandango Libri, 2018

A. Balsamo, Reading cyborgs, writings feminism, in Cybersexualities. A reader on feminist theory, cyborgs and cyberspace, ed. by J. Wolkmark, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1999, pp. 145-156

J. Butler, Performative acts and gender constitution: an essay in phenomenology and feminist theory, in Theatre journal, 1988, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 519-531

D. Ciambrone, V. C. Phua, E. Avery, Gendered synthetic love: real dolls and the construction of intimacy, in International Review of Modern Sociology, 2017, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 59-78

L. Comella, (Safe) sex and the city: on vibrators, masturbation, and the myth of ‘real’ sex, in Feminist media studies, 2003, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 109-112

J. Danaher, Building better sex robots: lessons from feminist pornography, in AI love you, ed. by Y., Zhou, M. Fischer, Cham, Springer, 2019, pp. 133-147

J. Danaher, Sex work, technological unemployment and the basic income guarantee, in Journal of evolution and technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2014, pp. 113-130

K. Devlin, Turned on. Science, sex and robots, London, Bloomsbury, 2018

K. Devlin, In defence of sex machines: why trying to ban sex robots is wrong, in The conversation, 17.09.2015, available at: https://theconversation.com/in-defence-of-sex-machines-why-trying-to-ban-sexrobots-is-wrong-47641 [last access: 02.12.2019]

E. Di Nucci, Sex robots and the rights of the disabled, in Robot sex: social and ethical implications, ed. by J. Danaher, N. McArthur, Cambridge MA e Londra, The MIT press, 2017, pp. 187-229

N. Döring, S. Pöschl, Sex toys, sex dolls, sex robots: our under-researched bed-fellows, in Sexologies, 2018, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. e51-e55

B. Ehrenreich, D. English, Complaints and disorders: the sexual politics of sickness, New York, Feminist Press, 2011

C. Eichenberg, M. Khamis, L. Hübner, The attitudes of therapists and physicians on the use of sex robots in sexual therapy: online survey and interview study, in Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2019, Vol. 1, no. 8, available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6719485/

A. Ferguson, The sex doll. A history, Jefferson and London, Mc Farland & Company, Inc. publishers, 2010

J. Gonzáles, Envisioning cyborg bodies: notes from current research, in Cybersexualities. A reader on feminist theory, cyborgs and cyberspace, ed. by J. Wolkmark, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1999, pp. 264-279

S. Gutiu, The robotization of consent, in Robot Law, ed. by R. Calo, A. M. Froomkin, I. Kerr, Cheltenham e Northampton, Edward Elgar publishing, 2016, pp. 186-212

S. Gutiu, Sex robots and roboticization of consent, in We Robot Conference, 2012, pp. 1-24

N. K. Hayles, How we become posthuman. Virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature and informatics, Chicago & London, The University of Chicago Press, 1999

K. N. Hayles, The life cycle of cyborgs, in Cybersexualities. A reader on feminist theory, cyborgs and cyberspace, ed. by J. Wolkmark, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1999, pp. 157-173

A. Haraway, Manifesto for cyborgs: science, technology, and socialist feminism in the 1980s, in Socialist review, 1985, No. 80, pp. 65-108

H. Hester, Xenofeminism, Cambridge & Medford, Polity Press, 2018

P. D. Hopkins, Inventing histories, in Sex/machine. Readings in culture, gender, and technology, ed. by P. D. Hopkins, Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1998, pp. 1-17

D. G. Johnson, M. Verdicchio, Constructing the meaning of humanoid sex robots, in International Journal of Social Robotics, 2019, pp. 3-4, available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12369-019-00586-z#citeas [last access: 02.12.2019]

D. G. Johnson, Sorting out the question of feminist technology, in Feminist technology, ed. by L. L. Layne, S. L. Vostral K. Boyer, Urbana, Chicago & Springfield, University of Illinois Press, 2010, pp. 36-54

Xenofeminism. A politics for alienation. Manifesto, ed. by Laboria Cuboniks, 0x1A available at: https://www.laboriacuboniks.net [last access: 02.12.2019]

W. E. J. Klein, V. W. Lin, ‘Sex robots’ revised. A reply to the campaign against sex robots, in ACM Computers & Society, Volume 47, No. 4, pp. 107-121

T. Kubes, New materialist perspectives on sex robots. A feminist dystopia/utopia?, in Social sciences, 2019, Vol. 8, pp. 224-238

D. Levy, The ethics of robot prostitutes, in Robot ethics: the ethical and social implications of robotics, ed. by P. Lin, K. Abney, G. Bekey, Cambridge MA, The MIT press, 2012, pp. 223-232

D. Levy, Love and sex with robots: the evolution of human-robot relationships, New York, Harper, 2007

M. A. Mende, M. H. Fisher, K. Kühne, The use of social robots and the uncanny valley phenomenon, in AI love you, ed. by Y., Zhou, M. Fischer, Cham, Springer, 2019, pp. 41-73

M. Mori, The Uncanny Valley (1970), Eng. transl. by K. F. MacDorman, N. Kageki in IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, June 2012, pp. 98-100

N. McArthur, The case for sexbots, in Robot sex: social and ethical implications, ed. by J. Danaher, N. McArthur, Cambridge MA e Londra, The MIT press, 2017, pp. 79-117

S. Plant, Zeros + Ones. Digital women + The new technoculture, London Fourth Estate, 1997

K. Richardson, The asymmetrical ‘relationship’: parallels between prostitution and the development of sex robots, in SIGCAS Computers & Society, 2015, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 290-293

A. Sayre, Rosaline Franklin and DNA, New York, W.W. Norton & Company, 1978

R. Schwartz Cowan, The ‘industrial revolution in the home’: household technology and social change in the twentieth century, in Sex/machine. Readings in culture, gender, and technology, ed. by P. D. Hopkins, Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, pp. 33-49

R. Sparrow, Robot, rape, and representation, in International Journal of Social Robotics, 2017, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 465-477

R. A. Stone, The war of desire and technology at the close of mechanical age, Cambridge MA, The MIT press, 1996

J. M. Szczuka, T. Hartmann, N. C. Krämer, Negative and positive influences on the sensations evoked by artificial sex partners: a review of relevant theories, recent findings, and introduction of the sexual interaction illusion model, in AI love you, ed. by Y., Zhou, M. Fischer, Cham, Springer, 2019, pp. 3-19

J. M. Szczuka, N. C. Krämer, Not only the lonely. How men explicitly and implicitly evaluate the attractiveness of sex robots in comparison to the attractiveness of women, and personal characteristics influencing this evaluation, in Multimodal Technologies Interaction, 2017, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1-18

J. Wajcman, Feminist theories of technology, in Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2010, Vol. 34, pp. 143-152

J. Wajcman, From women and technology to gendered technoscience, in Information, community and society, 2007, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 287-298

J. Wajcman, Technofeminism, Cambridge & Malten, Polity Press, 2004

I. Yeoman, M. Mars, Robots, men and sex tourism, in Futures, 2012, Vol. 44, pp. 365-371

G. Zara, La psicologia dei sexbot nel trattamento dei sex offender, in M. Balistreri, Roma, Fandango Libri, 2018, pp. 225-282

##submission.downloads##

Pubblicato

2020-10-30

Come citare

Rigotti, C. (2020). Guardare i sex robots attraverso le lenti femministe. Filosofia, (65), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.13135/2704-8195/5076

Fascicolo

Sezione

Saggi